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材料科学Materials Science Stoichiometric reconstruction of the Al2O3(0001) surface Al2O3（0001）概况的化学计量重构 ▲ 作者：JOHANNA I. H TNER, ANDREA CONTI, DAVID KUGLER, FLORIAN MITTENDORFER, GEORG KRESSE, MICHAEL SCHMID, ET AL. ▲链接： https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq4744 ▲摘要： 材料的宏不雅特征源在根基的原子标准细节，但对绝缘体来讲，解析概况布局还是一个挑战。 研究组利用具有原子界说尖真个非接触原子力显微镜对 -氧化铝（ -Al2O3）的（0001）基面进行了成像。概况构成了一个复杂的（ 31 31）R 9 重构。单个氧和铝概况原子的横向位置直接源自尝试；研究组经由过程计较模子肯定了其与底层晶体块的毗连体例。 在重构之前，概况Al原子呈晦气的三重平面配位；重构实现了与亚概况O的再杂化，从而取得极年夜能量增益。重构概况仍连结Al2O3的化学计量比。 ▲ Abstract： Macroscopic properties of material开云体育apps stem from fundamental atomic-scale details, yet for insulators, resolving surface structures remains a challenge. We imaged the basal (0001) plane of aluminum oxide ( -Al2O3) using noncontact atomic force microscopy with an atomically defined tip apex. The surface formed a complex ( 31 31)R 9 reconstruction. The lateral positions of the individual oxygen and aluminum surface atoms come directly from experiment; we determined with computational modeling how these connect to the underlying crystal bulk. Before the restructuring, the surface Al atoms assume an unfavorable, threefold planar coordination; the reconstruction allows a rehybridization with subsurface O that leads to a substantial energy gain. The reconstructed surface remains stoichiometric, Al2O3. 能源科学Energy Science Solvent-mediated oxide hydrogenation in layered cathodes 层状阴极中溶剂介导的氧化物氢化 ▲ 作者：GANG WAN, TRAVIS P. POLLARD, LIN MA, MARSHALL A. SCHROEDER, CHIA-CHIN CHEN, ZIHUA ZHU, ET AL. ▲链接： https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg4687 ▲摘要： 自放电和化学引诱的机械效应下降了嵌入式电致变色和电化学储能装配的日历寿命和轮回寿命。在可充电锂离子电池中，阴极的自放电会跟着时候的推移致使电压和容量损掉。主流自放电模子聚焦在锂离子从电解液分散至阴极的进程。 研究组展现了另外一种路子，此中层状过渡金属氧化物阴极的氢化经由过程氢从碳酸盐溶剂转移到脱锂氧化物引诱自放电。在自放电阴极中，他们进一步不雅察到质子和锂离子浓度梯度负相干，这有助在脱锂阴极中化学和布局的异质性，从而加快降解。 在脱锂阴极中产生的氢化会影响层状阴极的化学-机械耦合和锂离子电池的日历寿命。 ▲ Abstract： Self-discharge and chemically induced mechanical effects degrade calendar and cycle life in intercalation-based electrochromic and electrochemical energy storage devices. In rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, self-discharge in cathodes causes voltage and capacity loss over time. The prevailing self-discharge model centers on the diffusion of lithium ions from the electrolyte into the cathode. We demonstrate an alternative pathway, where hydrogenation of layered transition metal oxide cathodes induces self-discharge through hydrogen transfer from carbonate solvents to delithiated oxides. In self-discharged cathodes, we further observe opposing proton and lithium ion concentration gradients, which contribute to chemical and structural heterogeneities within delithiated cathodes, accelerating degradation. Hydrogenation occurring in delithiated cathodes may affect the chemo-mechanical coupling of layered cathodes as well as the calendar life of lithium-ion batteries. 人工智能Artificial Intelligence Durably reducing conspiracy beliefs through dialogues with AI 经由过程与AI的对话延续削减诡计论 ▲ 作者：THOMAS H. COSTELLO, GORDON PENNYCOOK AND DAVID G. RAND ▲链接： https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq1814 ▲摘要： 诡计论的信徒污名昭著地固执。有影响力的假定提出，诡计论知足了主要的心理需求，从而抵制了反证。但是，先前在改正诡计论信心方面的掉败多是因为反证不敷使人佩服和具有针对性。 为了评估这类可能性，研究组操纵生成式人工智能的成长，让2190名诡计论者与GPT-4 Turbo进行了个性化的循证对话。干涉干与削减了约20%的诡计论信心。这类影响在2个月后依然存在，并在普遍的诡计论中获得推行，乃至在崇奉根深蒂固的介入者中也存在。 虽然对话集中在单个诡计上，但其减弱了对不相干诡计的信心，并改变了与诡计相干的行动意图。这些发现注解，假如有足够使人佩服的证据，很多诡计论信徒可以改变他们的不雅点。 ▲ Abstract： Conspiracy theory beliefs are notoriously persistent. Influential hypotheses propose that they fulfill important psychological needs, thus resisting counterevidence. Yet previous failures in correcting conspiracy beliefs may be due to counterevidence being insufficiently compelling and tailored. To evaluate this possibility, we leveraged developments in generative artificial intelligence and engaged 2190 conspiracy believers in personalized evidence-based dialogues with GPT-4 Turbo. The intervention reduced conspiracy belief by ~20%. The effect remained 2 months later, generalized across a wide range of conspiracy theories, and occurred even among participants with deeply entrenched beliefs. Although the dialogues focused on a single conspiracy, they nonetheless diminished belief in unrelated conspiracies and shifted conspiracy-related behavioral intentions. These findings suggest that many conspiracy theory believers can revise their views if presented with sufficiently compelling evidence. 化学Chemistry Characterization of a Lewis adduct in its inner and outer forms 路易斯加合物表里层形态的表征 ▲ 作者：WEI-CHUN LIU AND FRAN OIS P. GABBA ▲链接： https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp7465 ▲摘要： 双份子反映的进口通道有时触及构成作为弱连系、短暂中心体的外层共同物。 研究组在一个系统中描写了这类外层共同物，该系统摹拟了氧化膦路易斯碱与正碳离子路易斯酸的双份子C-O成键反映。晶体学研究注解，外层形态的C-O距离比终究形态或内层形态的C-O距离超出跨越1.1埃。 当系统对两种情势的共同物（对应在响应势能面上的最小值）进行采样时，C-O键从外层共同物的次级彼此感化转换到内层共同物的配位键。这类现象被用作不变占吨翁基光氧化还原催化剂的功能特点。 ▲ Abstract： The entrance channel of bimolecular reactions sometimes involves the formation of outer complexes as weakly bound, fleeting intermediates. Here, we characterize such an outer complex in a system that models the bimolecular, C-O bond forming reaction of a phosphine oxide Lewis base with a carbenium Lewis acid. Crystallographic studies show that the C-O distance in the outer form exceeds that of the final or inner adduct by 1.1 angstroms. As the system samples the two forms of the complex, which correspond to minima on the corresponding potential energy surface, the C-O linkage switches from a secondary interaction in the outer complex to a dative bond in the inner complex. This phenomenon is harnessed as a functional feature to stabilize xanthylium-based photoredox catalysts. 地球科学Earth Science Mega El Ni oinstigated the end-Permian mass extinction 超等厄尔尼诺激发了二叠纪末期年夜灭尽 ▲ 作者：YADONG SUN, ALEXANDER FARNSWORTH, MICHAEL M. JOACHIMSKI, PAUL B. WIGNALL, LEOPOLD KRYSTYN, DAVID P. G. BOND, ET AL. ▲链接： https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado2030 ▲摘要： 二叠纪末期物种年夜灭尽的终究缘由是一个备受争议的话题。 研究组利用多代办署理和古天气建模方式来成立一个同一的理论，说明了盘古年夜陆对致使灭尽状况的持久和加重的厄尔尼诺事务的高度敏感性。在二叠纪晚期，跟着二氧化碳的年夜气分压从约410 ppm增添到860 ppm（百万分之一），经向翻转环流解体，哈德利环流缩短，厄尔尼诺现象加强。 随之而来的毁林、珊瑚礁灭亡和浮游生物危机标记着一场连锁情况灾害的最先。碳固存的削减激发了正反馈，发生了一个更暖和的温室，从而加强了厄尔尼诺现象。天气转变加重和平均状况变暖的复合效应致使了灾害性但跨时性的陆地和海洋损掉。 ▲ Abstract： The ultimate driver of the end-Permian mass extinction is a topic of much debate. Here, we used a multiproxy and paleoclimate modeling approach to establish a unifying theory elucidating the heightened susceptibility of the Pangean world to the prolonged and intensified El Ni oevents leading to an extinction state. As atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide doubled from about 410 to about 860 ppm (parts per million) in the latest Permian, the meridional overturning circulation collapsed, the Hadley cell contracted, and El Ni os intensified. The resultant deforestation, reef demise, and plankton crisis marked the start of a cascading environmental disaster. Reduced carbon sequestration initiated positive feedback, producing a warmer hothouse and, consequently, stronger El Ni os. The compounding effects of elevated climate variability and mean state warming led to catastrophic but diachronous terrestrial and marine losses. A rockslide-generated tsunami in a Greenland fjord rang Earth for 9 days 格陵兰峡湾山体滑坡激发的海啸使地球连震九天 ▲ 作者：KRISTIAN SVENNEVIG, STEPHEN P. HICKS, THOMAS FORBRIGER, THOMAS LECOCQ, RUDOLF WIDMER-SCHNIDRIG, ANNE MANGENEY, ET AL. ▲链接： https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adm9247 ▲摘要： 天气转变使极地地域愈来愈轻易产生年夜型山体滑坡。格陵兰岛（Kalaallit Nunaat）比来产生了海啸山体滑坡，但峡湾东部未报导产生。 2023年9月，研究组探测到一个源自东格陵兰岛、为期9天、全球10.88毫赫（92秒）单色超长周期（VLP）地动旌旗灯号的呈现。在该研究中，他们揭露了这一事务是若何最先的，冰川变薄激发25 106立方米的岩冰雪崩坠入迪克森峡湾，致使了200米高的海啸。 摹拟注解，海啸不变成一个7米高的长时候湖震，其频率（11.45毫赫）缓和慢的振幅衰减与地动旌旗灯号几近不异。一个最年夜振幅为5 1011牛顿的振荡峡湾横向单力再现了地动振幅和其相对峡湾的辐射模式，证实了湖震若何直接引发长达9天的地动旌旗灯号。该研究成果强调了天气转变若何在冰冻圈、水圈和岩石圈之间激发级联危险反馈。 ▲ Abstract： Climate change is increasingly predisposing polar regions to large landslides. Tsunamigenic landslides have occurred recently in Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat), but none have been reported from the eastern fjords. In September 2023, we detected the start of a 9-day-long, global 10.88-millihertz (92-second) monochromatic very-long-period (VLP) seismic signal, originating from East Greenland. In this study, we demonstrate how this event started with a glacial thinning induced rock-ice avalanche of 25 106 cubic meters plunging into Dickson Fjord, triggering a 200-meter-high tsunami. Simulations show that the tsunami stabilized into a 7-meter-high long-duration seiche with a frequency (11.45 millihertz) and slow amplitude decay that were nearly identical to the seismic signal. An oscillating, fjord-transverse single force with a maximum amplitude of 5 1011 newtons reproduced the seismic amplitudes and their radiation pattern relative to the fjord, demonstrating how a seiche directly caused the 9-day-long seismic signal. Our findings highlight how climate change is causing cascading, hazardous feedbacks between the cryosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.特殊声明：本文转载仅仅是出在传布信息的需要，其实不意味着代表本网站不雅点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、网站或小我从本网站转载利用，须保存本网站注明的“来历”，并自大版权等法令责任；作者假如不但愿被转载或联系转载稿费等事宜，请与我们联系。
